Journal
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 51, Issue 1, Pages 1-8Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp180
Keywords
Arabidopsis thaliana; Cell differentiation; Peptide hormone; Stomata
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [18101009, 15107001]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [19060005]
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Stomata are composed of a pair of guard cells and a pore between them, and their density and positions are regulated by developmental and environmental signals. In a screen in which we overexpressed many genes coding for putative secretory proteins one by one in Arabidopsis, we identified a gene named STOMAGEN, which increases stomatal density when overexpressed. The STOMAGEN gene encodes a small peptide with a putative secretory signal sequence at its N-terminus and is expressed preferentially in mesophyll cells. This peptide belongs to the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) family of the cysteine-rich peptides superfamily. The mature form was a 45-amino-acid peptide (stomagen) with three intramolecular disulfide bonds. Stomagen treatment at very low concentrations, as low as 10nM, increased the stomatal density of wild-type Arabidopsis plants. We propose that stomagen is a mesophyll-to-epidermis signaling molecule that positively regulates stomatal density. We also suggest that stomagen increases stomatal density by competing with negative regulators EPF1 and EPF2 for the receptor-like protein TOO MANY MOUTHS.
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