Journal
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
Volume 72, Issue 17, Pages 2148-2154Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.08.007
Keywords
Guttiferae; alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor; Enzyme kinetic; Antihyperglycemic; Garcinia mangostana
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Funding
- Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF)
- Korea government (MEST) [20090081751]
- BK21 program
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2009-0081749] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea [PJ00760920111132302] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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An ethanol extract of the fruit case of Garcinia mangostan, whose most abundant chemical species are xanthones, showed potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.2 mu g/m1). A series of isolated xanthones (1-16) demonstrated modest to high inhibition of alpha-glucosidase with IC50 values of 1.5-63.5 mu M. In particular, one hitherto unknown xanthone 16 has a very rare 2-oxoethyl group on C-8. Kinetic enzymatic assays with a p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside indicated that one of them, compound (9) exhibited the highest activity (K-i = 1.4 mu M) and mixed inhibition. Using, a physiologically relevant substrate, maltose, as substrate, many compounds (6, 9, 14, and 15) also showed potent inhibition which ranged between 17.5 and 53.5 mu M and thus compared favorably with deoxynojirimycin (IC50 = 68.8 mu M). Finally, the actual pharmacological potential of the ethanol extract was demonstrated by showing that it could elicit reduction of postprandial blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the most active alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (6, 9, and 14) were proven to be present in high quantities in the native seedcase by a HPLC chromatogram. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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