Journal
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 94, Issue 4, Pages 1077-1098Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2013
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Funding
- Swedish Medical Research Council [11548, 20116]
- AFA Research Foundation
- ALF Goteborg [11392, 142821]
- Sten A. Olsson Foundation for Research and Culture, Soderberg Foundations
- Hjarnfonden, Hagstromer's Foundation Millennium
- Swedish Stroke Foundation
- Swedish Society for Medical Research
- Free Mason Foundation
- Amlov's Foundation
- E. Jacobson's Donation Fund
- NanoNet COST Action [BM1002]
- EU FP 7 Program EduGlia [237956]
- EU FP 7 Program TargetBraIn [279017]
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Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis maintaining functions. During the past two decades, astrocytes emerged also as increasingly important regulators of neuronal functions including the generation of new nerve cells and structural as well as functional synapse remodeling. Reactive gliosis or reactive astrogliosis is a term coined for the morphological and functional changes seen in astroglial cells/astrocytes responding to CNS injury and other neurological diseases. Whereas this defensive reaction of astrocytes is conceivably aimed at handling the acute stress, limiting tissue damage, and restoring homeostasis, it may also inhibit adaptive neural plasticity mechanisms underlying recovery of function. Understanding the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the healthy and diseased CNS will undoubtedly contribute to the development of treatment strategies that will, in a context-dependent manner and at appropriate time points, modulate reactive astrogliosis to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.
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