Journal
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages 221-264Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2009
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01-HL-60539, R01-AI-52201, R01-HL-77291, P50-HL-84917]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [P50HL084917, R01HL060539, R01HL077291] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI052201] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Jiang D, Liang J, Noble PW. Hyaluronan as an Immune Regulator in Human Diseases. Physiol Rev 91: 221-264, 2011; doi: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2009.-Accumulation and turnover of extracellular matrix components are the hallmarks of tissue injury. Fragmented hyaluronan stimulates the expression of inflammatory genes by a variety of immune cells at the injury site. Hyaluronan binds to a number of cell surface proteins on various cell types. Hyaluronan fragments signal through both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 as well as CD44 to stimulate inflammatory genes in inflammatory cells. Hyaluronan is also present on the cell surface of epithelial cells and provides protection against tissue damage from the environment by interacting with TLR2 and TLR4. Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-binding proteins regulate inflammation, tissue injury, and repair through regulating inflammatory cell recruitment, release of inflammatory cytokines, and cell migration. This review focuses on the role of hyaluronan as an immune regulator in human diseases.
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