Understanding cellular defence in kumquat and calamondin to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp citri

Histopathological assays gain physiological insights into the mechanisms by which kumquat and calamondin are resistant to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). Unlike Mexican lime, which is highly susceptible to Xcc, calamondin and kumquat leaves challenged with Xcc developed rapid necrosis, resembling a hypersensitive reaction. Fluorescent microscopy examination identified fluorescent materials around the necrotic lesions in kumquat and calamondin leaves challenged with Xcc, but not in Mexican lime. The resistant cultivars inoculated with Xcc exhibited lower antioxidant enzymatic activities and accumulated less H2O2. These modifications serve as physical barriers to ward off pathogen, thereby suppressing lesion development. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.