Effect of jasmonic acid on the induction of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities in relation to date palm resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp albedinis

Bayoud, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is the most damaging disease of date palm in Morocco. In the present study we have investigated the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) on two defence-related enzymes, namely peroxidases (POX) and polyphenoloxidases (PPO) in date palm seedlings root. Our data show that exogenous application of JA at a concentration of 50 mu M increased the activity of both enzymes. The increase of POX activity in the presence of JA was much more important than that observed following infection with the pathogen. As compared to untreated plants, PPO activity was 2.2 and 1.3 times higher in BSTN and JHL cultivars respectively. In addition, PAGE analysis revealed increased band intensity of the major constitutive isoforms of POX and PPO in both JA-treated and Foa-treated seedlings. Close examination of symptomatic and asymptomatic plants showed that root tissues of symptomatic plants were massively colonized by Foa. Also, disease development in these plants appeared to involve a marked degradation of the host cell walls early during the process of pathogen invasion. In contrast, the presence of Foa in asymptomatic plants induced limited necrotic lesions (hypersensitive-reaction like lesions) that were probably involved in reducing the progression of the pathogen. Together, our findings indicate that JA is capable of enhancing date palm root resistance to infection by Foa via the activation of defence-related enzymes such as PPO and POX. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.