Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 79, Issue -, Pages 68-78Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.014
Keywords
Epoxy; Drinking water; Bisphenol A; Bisphenol F; Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether; Chlorination
Funding
- EPA (STAR) [RD-834865-01, 4351]
- Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
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Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) are common components of epoxy coatings used in food packaging and in drinking water distribution systems. Thus, leachates from the epoxy may be exposed to the disinfectants free chlorine (Cl-2/HOCl/OCl-) and monochloramine (MCA, NH2Cl). Bisphenols are known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) with estrogenic activity. Chlorination by-products have the potential to have reduced or enhanced estrogenic qualities, and are, therefore, of interest. In this work, chlorination reactions for bisphenols and BADGE were explored (via LC/MS/MS) and kinetic modeling (using a pseudo-first order approach) was conducted to predict the fate of these compounds in drinking water. The half-lives of BPA and BPF with 1 mg/L of free chlorine ranged from 3 to 35 min over the pH range from 6 to 11 and the temperature range of 10-25 degrees C. Half-lives for reactions of BPA and BPF with a nominal MCA concentration of 3.5 mg/L as Cl-2 were from 1 to 10 days and were greater at higher pH and lower temperature. Formation of chlorinated bisphenol A by-products was observed during the kinetic studies. BADGE was found unreactive with either oxidant. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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