Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 68, Issue -, Pages 454-466Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.042
Keywords
Bromide; Chlorination; DBPs formation potential; Iodide; Natural organic matter; PAC
Funding
- Urban Water Security Research Alliance
- Water Research Australia
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The removal of both organic and inorganic disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors prior to disinfection is important in mitigating DBP formation, with halide removal being particularly important in salinity-impacted water sources. A matrix of waters of variable alkalinity, halide concentration and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration were treated with enhanced coagulation (EC) followed by anion exchange (MIEX (R) resin) or powdered activated carbon (PAC) and the subsequent disinfection by-product formation potentials (DBP-FPs) assessed and compared to DBP-FPs for untreated samples. Halide and DOC removal were also monitored for both treatment processes. Bromide and iodide adsorption by MIEX (R) treatment ranged from 0 to 53% and 4-78%, respectively. As expected, EC and PAC treatments did not remove halides. DOC removal by EC/PAC was 70 +/- 10%, while EC/MIEX (R) enabled a DOC removal of 66 +/- 12%. Despite the halide removals achieved by MIEX (R), increases in brominated disinfection by-product (Br-DBP) formation were observed relative to untreated samples, when favourable Br:DOC ratios were created by the treatment. However, the increases in formation were less than what was observed for the EC/PAC treated waters, which caused large increases in Br-DBP formation when high BrDBP-forming water quality conditions occurred. The formation potential of fully chlorinated DBPs decreased after treatment in all cases. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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