Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 84, Issue -, Pages 127-135Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.018
Keywords
Advanced oxidation; Non-thermal plasma; Ethinylestradiol; Diclofenac; Phenol; Hydroxyl radicals
Funding
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) [13N13638]
- COST-Action Electrical Discharges with Liquids for Future Applications for STSM [TD1208, 17485]
- MEYS of the Czech Republic [LD14080]
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Anthropogenic pollutants and in particular pharmaceutical residues are a potential risk for potable water where they are found in increasing concentrations. Different environmental effects could already be linked to the presence of pharmaceuticals in surface waters even for low concentrations. Many pharmaceuticals withstand conventional water treatment technologies. Consequently, there is a need for new water purification techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP), and especially plasmas with their ability to create reactive species directly in water, may offer a promising solution. We developed a plasma reactor with a coaxial geometry to generate large volume corona discharges directly in water and investigated the degradation of seven recalcitrant pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diatrizoate, diazepam, diclofenac, ibuprofen, 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, trimethoprim). For most substances we observed decomposition rates from 45% to 99% for treatment times of 15-66 min. Especially ethinylestradiol and diclofenac were readily decomposed. As an inherent advantage of the method, we found no acidification and only an insignificant increase in nitrate/nitrite concentrations below legal limits for the treatment. Studies on the basic plasma chemical processes for the model system of phenol showed that the degradation is primarily caused by hydroxyl radicals. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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