Journal
PHYSICS LETTERS B
Volume 702, Issue 1, Pages 43-48Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.06.059
Keywords
Bulk viscosity; Pion gas; Inverse amplitude method; Heavy ion collisions; Elastic pion scattering
Funding
- FPU
- [FPA 2008-00592]
- [FIS2008-01323]
- [FPA2007-29115-E]
- [PR34-1856-BSCH]
- [UCM-BSCH GR58/08 910309]
- [PR34/07-15875]
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We study the bulk viscosity of a pion gas in unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory at low and moderate temperatures, below any phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma phase. We argue that inelastic processes are irrelevant and exponentially suppressed at low temperatures. Since the system falls out of chemical equilibrium upon expansion, a pion chemical potential must be introduced, so we extend the existing theories that include it. We control the zero modes of the collision operator and Landau's conditions of fit when solving the Boltzmann equation with the elastic collision kernel. The dependence of the bulk viscosity with temperature is reminiscent of the findings of Fernandez-Fraile and Gomez Nicola (2009) [1], while the numerical value is closer to that of Davesne (1996) [2]. In the zero-temperature limit we correctly recover the vanishing viscosity associated to a non-relativistic monoatomic gas. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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