Journal
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 58, Issue 7, Pages N103-N113Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/7/N103
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Funding
- Cancer Research UK
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Cancer Imaging Programme in Surrey
- MRC
- Department of Health (England)
- Cancer Research UK [17321] Funding Source: researchfish
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Aluminium is often used as a substitute material for calcifications in phantom measurements inmammography. Additionally, calcium oxalate, hydroxyapatite and aluminium are used in simulation studies. This assumes that these materials have similar attenuation properties to calcification, and this assumption is examined in this work. Sliced mastectomy samples containing calcification were imaged at x5 magnification using a digital specimen cabinet. Images of the individual calcifications were extracted, and the diameter and contrast of each calculated. The thicknesses of aluminium required to achieve the same contrast as each calcification when imaged under the same conditions were calculated using measurements of the contrast of aluminium foils. As hydroxyapatite and calcium oxalate are also used to simulate calcifications, the equivalent aluminium thicknesses of these materials were also calculated using tabulated attenuation coefficients. On average the equivalent aluminium thickness was 0.85 times the calcification diameter. For calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite, the equivalent aluminium thicknesses were 1.01 and 2.19 times the thickness of these materials respectively. Aluminium and calcium oxalate are suitable substitute materials for calcifications. Hydroxyapatite is much more attenuating than the calcifications and aluminium. Using solid hydroxyapatite as a substitute for calcification of the same size would lead to excessive contrast in the mammographic image.
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