Core stability, shoulder peak torque and function in throwing athletes with and without shoulder pain

Objective: This study compared core stability, shoulder isokinetic peak torque and shoulder function in throwers with and without shoulder pain. Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Throwing athletes. Participants: Thirty healthy athletes and 21 with shoulder pain were included. Main outcome measures: Endurance time of the trunk, the modified star excursion balance test, isokinetic peak torque of internal and external rotation of the shoulder, questionnaires, level of satisfaction with the throwing arm and active range of motion. Results: The symptomatic athletes presented with shorter endurance time for the trunk lateral flexors (P < .05), and decreased reach distance for both limbs in the posteromedial direction (P < .05) and for takeoff limb in the posterolateral direction (P = .04), and smaller composite score for both limbs (P < .05) during star excursion balance test as compared to the healthy ones. No significant differences between groups were found for peak torque of internal and external rotation of the shoulder. Athletes with shoulder pain demonstrated more shoulder disability and a lower level of satisfaction with the throwing arm (P = .000). Range of motion was not different between groups for shoulder internal and external rotation. Conclusion: Throwing athletes with shoulder pain have lower core stability and shoulder function compared to healthy athletes. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.