Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 113, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.115501
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Funding
- Vienna Scientific Cluster
- CSC Finland Ltd.
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [M 1497-N19]
- Finnish Cultural Foundation
- Walter Ahlstrom Foundation
- FWF [M 1481-N20, P25721-N20]
- University of Helsinki Funds
- European Research Council (ERC) [336453-PICOMAT]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/I008144/1]
- EPSRC [EP/I008144/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [M 1481, M 1497] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I008144/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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We demonstrate that 60-keV electron irradiation drives the diffusion of threefold-coordinated Si dopants in graphene by one lattice site at a time. First principles simulations reveal that each step is caused by an electron impact on a C atom next to the dopant. Although the atomic motion happens below our experimental time resolution, stochastic analysis of 38 such lattice jumps reveals a probability for their occurrence in a good agreement with the simulations. Conversions from three- to fourfold coordinated dopant structures and the subsequent reverse process are significantly less likely than the direct bond inversion. Our results thus provide a model of nondestructive and atomically precise structural modification and detection for two-dimensional materials.
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