Observation of Lobes near the X Point in Resonant Magnetic Perturbation Experiments on MAST

The application of nonaxisymmetric resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with a toroidal mode number n = 6 in the MAST tokamak produces a significant reduction in plasma energy loss associated with type-I edge localized modes (ELMs), the first such observation with n > 3. During the ELM mitigated stage clear lobe structures are observed in visible-light imaging of the X-point region. These lobes or manifold structures, that were predicted previously, have been observed for the first time in a range of discharges and their appearance is correlated with the effect of RMPs on the plasma; i.e., they only appear above a threshold when a density pump out is observed or when the ELM frequency is increased. They appear to be correlated with the RMPs penetrating the plasma and may be important in explaining why the ELM frequency increases. The number and location of the structures observed can be well described using vacuum modeling. Differences in radial extent and poloidal width from vacuum modeling are likely to be due to a combination of transport effects and plasma screening.