Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 109, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.192302
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [06BI9001]
- Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung [BILAER]
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We present a determination of freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions based on ratios of cumulants of net electric charge fluctuations. These ratios can reliably be calculated in lattice QCD for a wide range of chemical potential values by using a next-to-leading order Taylor series expansion around the limit of vanishing baryon, electric charge and strangeness chemical potentials. From a computation of up to fourth order cumulants and charge correlations we first determine the strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials that characterize freeze-out conditions in a heavy ion collision and confirm that in the temperature range 150 MeV <= T <= 170 MeV the hadron resonance gas model provides good approximations for these parameters that agree with QCD calculations on the 5%-15% level. We then show that a comparison of lattice QCD results for ratios of up to third order cumulants of electric charge fluctuations with experimental results allows us to extract the freeze-out baryon chemical potential and the freeze-out temperature.
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