Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 108, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.217402
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
- LLNL
- German Research Council through the Collaborative Research Centre 616
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Max Planck Society
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We used photon pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser to study ultrafast x-ray-induced transitions of graphite from solid to liquid and plasma states. This was accomplished by isochoric heating of graphite samples and simultaneous probing via Bragg and diffuse scattering at high time resolution. We observe that disintegration of the crystal lattice and ion heating of up to 5 eV occur within tens of femtoseconds. The threshold fluence for Bragg-peak degradation is smaller and the ion-heating rate is faster than current x-ray-matter interaction models predict.
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