Evidence of Mechanically Activated Processes in Slow Granular Flows

We study how a shear band in a granular medium dramatically changes the mechanical behavior of the material further in the non sheared region. To this end, we carry out a microrheology experiment, where a constant force F is applied to a small rod immersed outside the shear band. In the absence of a shear band, a critical force F-c is necessary to move the intruder. When a shear band exists, the intruder moves even for a force F less than the critical force F-c. We systematically study how the creep velocity V-creep of the rod varies with F-c - F and with the distance to the shear band, and show that the behavior can be described by an Eyring-like activated process.