Proposed Spin Amplification for Magnetic Sensors Employing Crystal Defects

Recently there have been several theoretical and experimental studies of the prospects for magnetic field sensors based on crystal defects, especially nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Such systems could potentially be incorporated into an atomic force microscopy-like apparatus in order to map the magnetic properties of a surface at the single spin level. In this Letter we propose an augmented sensor consisting of an NV center for readout and an amplifier spin system that directly senses the local magnetic field. Our calculations show that this hybrid structure has the potential to detect magnetic moments with a sensitivity and spatial resolution far beyond that of a simple NV center, and indeed this may be the physical limit for sensors of this class.