Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 107, Issue 14, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.145003
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Funding
- DFG
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER41321]
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1004321] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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It is demonstrated that the performance of the self-modulated proton driver plasma wakefield accelerator is strongly affected by the reduced phase velocity of the plasma wave. Using analytical theory and particle-in-cell simulations, we show that the reduction is largest during the linear stage of self-modulation. As the instability nonlinearly saturates, the phase velocity approaches that of the driver. The deleterious effects of the wake's dynamics on the maximum energy gain of accelerated electrons can be avoided using side-injections of electrons, or by controlling the wake's phase velocity by smooth plasma density gradients.
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