Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 104, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.125002
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Funding
- Helmholtz Gemeinschaft via the Virtual Institute [VH-VI-104]
- German Federal Ministry for Education and Research [FSP 301-FLASH]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 652, LA 1431/2-1, GRK 1355]
- LDRDs [08-ERI-002, 08-LW-004]
- Alexander von Humboldt foundation
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G007187/1]
- Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G007187/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/G007187/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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We investigate ultrafast (fs) electron dynamics in a liquid hydrogen sample, isochorically and volumetrically heated to a moderately coupled plasma state. Thomson scattering measurements using 91.8 eV photons from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH at DESY) show that the hydrogen plasma has been driven to a nonthermal state with an electron temperature of 13 eV and an ion temperature below 0.1 eV, while the free-electron density is 2: 8 x 10(20) cm(-3). For dense plasmas, our experimental data strongly support a nonequilibrium kinetics model that uses impact ionization cross sections based on classical free-electron collisions.
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