Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 105, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.045301
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1007974]
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1007974] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Heat is transferred in superfluid He-4 via a process known as thermal counterflow. It has been known for many years that above a critical heat current the superfluid component in this counterflow becomes turbulent. It has been suspected that the normal-fluid component may become turbulent as well, but experimental verification is difficult without a technique for visualizing the flow. Here we report a series of visualization studies on the normal-fluid component in a thermal counterflow performed by imaging the motion of seeded metastable helium molecules using a laser-induced-fluorescence technique. We present evidence that the flow of the normal fluid is indeed turbulent at relatively large velocities. Thermal counterflow in which both components are turbulent presents us with a theoretically challenging type of turbulent behavior that is new to physics.
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