Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 104, Issue 18, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.181601
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Funding
- NSF [PHY-0555444, PHY-0855614, DMR-0703992]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0855614] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0703992] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics [0855614] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We consider 2 + 1-dimensional compact U(1) gauge theory at the Lifshitz point with a dynamical critical exponent z = 2. As in the usual z = 1 theory, monopoles proliferate the vacuum for any value of the coupling, generating a mass scale. The theory of the dilute monopole gas is written in terms of a nonrelativistic sine-Gordon model with two real fields. While monopoles remove some of the massless poles of the perturbative field strength propagator, a gapless mode representing the incomplete screening of monopoles remains, and is protected by a shift invariance of the original theory. Timelike Wilson loops still obey area laws, implying that minimal charges are confined, but the action of spacelike Wilson loops of linear size L goes instead as L(3).
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