Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 101, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.196405
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Funding
- NSF [CHE-0117752]
- Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI)
- Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC)
- New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research (NYSTAR)
- US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-03ER15463]
- US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
- National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven and the Center for Synchrotron Biosciences
- Case Western Reserve University [P41EB-01979]
- National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
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Optical reflectivity and transmission measurements over photon energies between 0.2 and 1.2 eV were performed on single-crystal graphene samples on a SiO2 substrate. For photon energies above 0.5 eV, graphene yielded a spectrally flat optical absorbance of (2.3 +/- 0.2)%. This result is in agreement with a constant absorbance of pi alpha, or a sheet conductivity of pi e(2)/2h, predicted within a model of noninteracting massless Dirac fermions. This simple result breaks down at lower photon energies, where both spectral and sample-to-sample variations were observed. This nonuniversal behavior is explained by including the effects of doping and finite temperature, as well as contributions from intraband transitions.
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