Direct observation of dark excitons in micelle-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes

We have performed electroabsorption spectroscopy on micelle-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes. In semiconducting nanotubes, many oscillating structures composed of the increase and decrease of absorption are observed in the spectra in the region of the first and second absorption bands, E-11 and E-22. The spectral shape is reproduced mainly by the second-derivative curve of the absorption spectrum, which indicates the presence of nearly degenerate bright and dark excitonic states.