Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 101, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.240404
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Funding
- SFI
- PIYRA
- EU
- EMALI
- SCALA
- EPSRC
- Royal Society3
- Finnish Academy of Science
- ICHEC
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E019692/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/E019692/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The classification of loop symmetries in Kitaev's honeycomb lattice model provides a natural framework to study the Abelian topological degeneracy. We derive a perturbative low-energy effective Hamiltonian that is valid to all orders of the expansion and for all possible toroidal configurations. Using this form we demonstrate at what order the system's topological degeneracy is lifted by finite size effects and note that in the thermodynamic limit it is robust to all orders. Further, we demonstrate that the loop symmetries themselves correspond to the creation, propagation, and annihilation of fermions. We note that these fermions, made from pairs of vortices, can be moved with no additional energy cost.
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