Rhythmic pore dynamics in a shrinking lipid vesicle

The rhythmic motion of membrane pore behavior under nonequilibrium conditions was studied. Application of the surfactant triton X-100 (TX-100) caused lipid vesicles to exhibit two types of shrinking dynamics with pore generation, which depended on both the size of the vesicles and the concentration of added TX-100. Small vesicles and the addition of a low concentration of TX-100 resulted in rhythmic-pore dynamics, where a transient pore was generated within a vesicle in a repetitive manner. In contrast, large vesicles and a high concentration of TX-100 led to continuous-pore dynamics, where the vesicle maintained an open pore during the shrinking process. In the rhythmic-pore membrane, long-cycle oscillation was observed with large vesicles and a low concentration TX-100. The period of one cycle decreased with a decrease in the vesicle size and an increase in the TX-100 concentration. We discuss the mechanism of these trends by considering the elastic free energy of the membrane.