Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
Volume 90, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.122006
Keywords
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Funding
- Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica
- Fundacion Antorchas
- Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza
- Municipalidad de Malargue
- NDM Holdings
- Valle Las Lenas
- Australian Research Council
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2010/07359-6, 1999/05404-3]
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil
- Czech Science Foundation, Czech Republic [14-17501S]
- Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Conseil Regional Ile-de-France
- Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS)
- Institut Lagrange de Paris
- ILP LABEX within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme, France [ANR-10-LABX-63, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02]
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
- Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung
- Nordrhein Westfalen
- Ministerium fur Wissenschaft
- Forschung und Kunst
- Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico
- Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands
- National Centre for Research and Development [ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11, ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11]
- National Science Centre, Poland [2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/08/M/ST9/00728]
- Portuguese national funds
- FEDER funds within COMPETE-Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal
- Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI [20/2012, 194/2012, 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0062]
- Minister of National Education, Programme for research Space Technology and Advanced Research - STAR, Romania [83/2013]
- Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia
- Comunidad de Madrid
- FEDER funds
- Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia
- Xunta de Galicia
- European Community 7th Framework Program, Spain [FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826]
- Leverhulme Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom
- Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107]
- National Science Foundation [0450696]
- Grainger Foundation, USA
- NAFOSTED, Vietnam
- Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program [PIRSES-2009-GA-246806]
- UNESCO
- [MSMT-CR LG13007]
- [7AMB14AR005]
- [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1212538, 1153335, 1361172] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics [1460394] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Using the data taken at the Pierre Auger Observatory between December 2004 and December 2012, we have examined the implications of the distributions of depths of atmospheric shower maximum (X-max), using a hybrid technique, for composition and hadronic interaction models. We do this by fitting the distributions with predictions from a variety of hadronic interaction models for variations in the composition of the primary cosmic rays and examining the quality of the fit. Regardless of what interaction model is assumed, we find that our data are not well described by a mix of protons and iron nuclei over most of the energy range. Acceptable fits can be obtained when intermediate masses are included, and when this is done consistent results for the proton and iron-nuclei contributions can be found using the available models. We observe a strong energy dependence of the resulting proton fractions, and find no support from any of the models for a significant contribution from iron nuclei. However, we also observe a significant disagreement between the models with respect to the relative contributions of the intermediate components.
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