Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
Volume 88, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.023514
Keywords
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Funding
- European Union's FP7 ERC Starting Grant The dynamics of black holes: testing the limits of Einstein's theory [DyBHo-256667]
- NRHEP [295189 FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IRSES]
- FCT-Portugal [PTDC/FIS/116625/2010, CERN/FP/116341/2010, CERN/FP/123593/2011]
- Government of Canada through Industry Canada
- Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
- FCT-IDPASC program [SFRH/BD/52047/2012]
- European Community through the Intra-European Marie Curie [aStronGR-2011-298297]
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Massive bosonic fields of arbitrary spin are predicted by general extensions of the standard model. It has been recently shown that there exists a family of bimetric theories of gravity-including massive gravity-which are free of Boulware-Deser ghosts at the nonlinear level. This opens up the possibility to describe consistently the dynamics of massive spin-2 particles in a gravitational field. Within this context, we develop the study of massive spin-2 fluctuations-including massive gravitons-around Schwarzschild and slowly rotating Kerr black holes. Our work has two important outcomes. First, we show that the Schwarzschild geometry is linearly unstable for small tensor masses, against a spherically symmetric mode. Second, we provide solid evidence that the Kerr geometry is also generically unstable, both against the spherical mode and against long-lived superradiant modes. In the absence of nonlinear effects, the observation of spinning black holes bounds the graviton mass mu to be mu less than or similar to 5 x 10(-23) eV.
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