Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
Volume 88, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.105030
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Funding
- NSF [PHY-0854744, PHY-1205396]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Physics [1205396] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0854744] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We consider QED on a two-dimensional Euclidean torus with f flavors of massless fermions and flavordependent chemical potentials. The dependence of the partition function on the chemical potentials is reduced to a (2f - 2)-dimensional theta function. At zero temperature, the system can exist in an infinite number of phases characterized by certain values of traceless particle numbers and separated by first-order phase transitions. Furthermore, there exist many points in the (f - 1)-dimensional space of traceless chemical potentials where two or three phases can coexist for f = 3 and two, three, four, or six phases can coexist for f = 4. We conjecture that the maximal number of coexisting phases grows exponentially with increasing f.
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