Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
Volume 88, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.084020
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Horndeski action is the most general one involving a metric and a scalar field that leads to second-order field equations in four dimensions. Being the natural extension of the well-known scalar-tensor theories, its structure and properties are worth analyzing along the experience accumulated in the latter context. Here, we argue that disformal transformations play, for the Horndeski theory, a similar role to that of conformal transformations for scalar-tensor theories a la Brans-Dicke. We identify the most general transformation preserving second-order field equations and discuss the issue of viable frames for this kind of theory, in particular, the possibility to cast the action in the so-called Einstein frame. Interestingly, we find that only for a subset of the Horndeski Lagrangian such a frame exists. Finally, we investigate the transformation properties of such frames under field redefinitions and frame transformations and their reciprocal relationship.
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