Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
Volume 86, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.123014
Keywords
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Funding
- Basque Government [IT-559-10, GIU06/37]
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU [UFI 11/55]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [FPA2009-10612, FIS2010-15492]
- Spanish Consolider-Ingenio Programme [CPAN CSD2007-00042, PI CSD2010-00064]
- SGI/Intel
- HEFCE
- STFC
- STFC [ST/H008586/1, ST/K00333X/1, ST/J005673/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/H008586/1, ST/J005673/1, ST/K00333X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The recent observation that the cosmic microwave background (CMB) may prefer a neutrino excess has triggered a number of works studying this possibility. The effect obtained by the noninteracting massless neutrino excess could be mimicked by some extra radiation component in the early Universe, such as a cosmological gravitational wave background. Prompted by the fact that a possible candidate to source those gravitational waves would be cosmic strings, we perform a parameter fitting study with models which consider both cosmic strings and the effective number of neutrinos as free parameters, using CMB and non-CMB data. We find that there is a correlation between cosmic strings and the number of extra relativistic species and that strings can account for all the extra radiation necessary. In fact, CMB data prefer strings at a 2 sigma level, paying the price of a higher extra radiation component. CMB data also give a moderate preference for a model with n(s) = 1. The inclusion of non-CMB data lowers the preference both for strings and for the extra relativistic species. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.123014
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