Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW C
Volume 88, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.88.044916
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Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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Bulk viscosity effects on the collective flow harmonics in heavy-ion collisions are investigated, on an event-by-event basis, using a newly developed 2 + 1 Lagrangian hydrodynamic code named V-USPHYDRO, which implements the smoothed particle hydrodynamics algorithm for viscous hydrodynamics. A new formula for the bulk viscous corrections present in the distribution function at freeze-out is derived, starting from the Boltzmann equation for multi-hadron species. Bulk viscosity is shown to enhance the collective flow Fourier coefficients from v(2)(p(T)) to v(5)(p(T)) when p(T) similar to 1-2.5 GeV, even when the bulk viscosity to entropy density ratio, zeta/s, is significantly smaller than 1/(4 pi).
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