Isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections to superallowed Fermi β decay:: Formalism and schematic models

We study the formalism to include isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections when extracting the up-down Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element from superallowed 0(+) -> 0(+) nuclear beta decay. We show that there are no first-order isospin-symmetry-breaking corrections to the relevant nuclear matrix elements. We find corrections to the treatment of Towner and Hardy, and assess these using schematic models of increasing complexity.