Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
Volume 87, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.104113
Keywords
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Funding
- US National Science Foundation [DMR-0746902, DMR-0447910]
- US Department of the Army [W911NF-09-1-0435]
- US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
- NSF [DMR 00-76488]
- US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [0746902] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The crystal structure of sodium bismuth titanate (NBT) and related compounds is of great interest, as these may form part of a new generation of ferroelectric materials used in a multitude of piezoelectric applications. This work examines the short-and long-range structure of sodium bismuth titanate in different states of synthesis using x-ray and neutron pair distribution function studies. The average structure of NBT was modeled using the monoclinic Cc space group through a combined structural refinement of x-ray and neutron diffraction data via the Rietveld method. A small box approach was used to model the local structure based on the average structure of the material, as determined from the Rietveld structural refinement, and rule out the presence of local A-site ordering in NBT. A box-car fitting method used to analyze the neutron pair distribution function showed that bond environments change when averaged over different length scales and the calculated bond valence of Bi3+, in particular, is different locally from its average value. A model calculated using the reverse Monte Carlo method allowed the positions of Na+ and Bi3+ to move independently, allowing the determination of their distinctive bonding environments with O2-. This method revealed that Na+ and Bi3+ have slightly different atomic positions, an effect that may be the origin of the large atomic displacement parameters calculated for the A site from the average structure model. The local structure described here is discussed in comparison with published long-range structure models. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.104113
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