Ideal strength and structural instability of aluminum at finite temperatures

We have calculated the ideal strength of aluminum at finite temperatures by implementing an ab initio molecular dynamics method (AIMD) that treats elastic instability, dynamic instability, and thermodynamics in a unified first-principles approach. The results reveal significant changes in fundamental mechanical properties of aluminum: (i) the ideal strength drops precipitously with increasing temperature, by as much as 60% at room temperature compared to T = 0 K; (ii) the structural instability modes change qualitatively from dynamic phonon softening at low temperature to elastic failure at high temperature; (iii) the highly anisotropic low-temperature tensile strength becomes considerably more isotropic with rising temperature. Phonon calculations predict the disappearance of soft phonon modes near room temperature due to phonon anharmonic interactions, in excellent agreement with the AIMD results. This work sets key benchmarks for aluminum and opens an avenue for studying material deformation and strength at finite temperatures.