Spin decoherence in graphene quantum dots due to hyperfine interaction

Carbon-based systems are prominent candidates for a solid-state spin qubit due to weak spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions in combination with a low natural abundance of spin-carrying isotopes. We consider the effect of the hyperfine interaction on the coherence of an electron spin localized in a graphene quantum dot. It is known that the hyperfine interaction in these systems is anisotropic promising interesting physics. We calculate the dynamics of an electron spin surrounded by a bath of nuclear spins in a non-Markovian approach using a generalized master equation. Considering a general form of the hyperfine interaction, we are able to extend the range of validity of our results to other systems beyond graphene. For large external magnetic fields, we find within Born approximation that the electron spin state is conserved up to small corrections, which oscillate with a frequency determined by the hyperfine interaction. The amplitude of these oscillations decays with a power law, where its initial value depends on the specific form of the anisotropy. Analyzing this in more detail, we identify two distinct classes of anisotropy, which can be both found in graphene depending on the orientation of the external magnetic field with respect to the carbon layer.