Unified minimum effective model of magnetic properties of iron-based superconductors

Iron-based superconductors exhibit many different antiferromagnetically ordered ground states. We construct a minimum effective magnetic model that displays all magnetic phases. This model also captures three incommensurate magnetic phases as well, two of which have been observed experimentally. The model characterizes the nature of phase transitions between the different magnetic phases and explains a variety of magnetic properties, such as spin-wave spectra and electronic nematism. Most importantly, by unifying the understanding of magnetism, we cast insight on the key ingredients of magnetic interactions that are critical to the occurrence of superconductivity.