Stabilization of the in-phase fluxon state by geometrical confinement in small Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x mesa structures

The in-phase (rectangular) fluxon lattice is required for achieving coherent THz emission from stacked Josephson junctions. Unfortunately, it is usually unstable due to mutual repulsion of fluxons in neighbor junctions, which favors the out-of-phase (triangular) lattice. Here we experimentally study magnetic field modulation of the critical current in small Bi-2212 mesa structures with different sizes. Clear Fraunhofer-like modulation is observed when the field is aligned parallel to CuO planes. For long mesas the periodicity of modulation is equal to half the flux quantum per intrinsic Josephson junction, corresponding to the triangular fluxon lattice. However, the periodicity is changed to one flux quantum, characteristic for the rectangular fluxon lattice, both by decreasing the length of the mesas and by increasing magnetic field. Thus, we demonstrate that the stationary in-phase fluxon state can be effectively stabilized by geometrical confinement in small Bi-2212 mesa structures.