Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
Volume 77, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.094431
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We characterize several phases of gapped spin systems by local order parameters defined by quantized Berry phases [Y. Hatsugai, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75, 123601 (2006)]. This characterization is topologically stable against any small perturbation as long as the energy gap remains finite. The models we pick up are S=1,2 dimerized Heisenberg chains and S = 2 Heisenberg chains with uniaxial single-ion-type anisotropy. Analytically, we also evaluate the topological local order parameters for the generalized Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model. The relation between the present Berry phases and the fractionalization in the integer spin chains are discussed as well.
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