Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
Volume 87, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.042307
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Funding
- F.R.S.-FNRS under the Eranet project HIPERCOM
- Wallonia-Brussels International via the excellence grants program
- European Commission under the Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship Program [PIEF-GA-2010-273119]
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We prove that a beam splitter, one of the most common optical components, fulfills several classes of majorization relations, which govern the amount of quantum entanglement that it can generate. First, we show that the state resulting from k photons impinging on a beam splitter majorizes the corresponding state with any larger photon number k' > k, implying that the entanglement monotonically grows with k. Then we examine parametric infinitesimal majorization relations as a function of the beam-splitter transmittance and find that there exists a parameter region where majorization is again fulfilled, implying a monotonic increase of entanglement by moving towards a balanced beam splitter. We also identify regions with a majorization default, where the output states become incomparable. In this latter situation, we find examples where catalysis may nevertheless be used in order to recover majorization. The catalyst states can be as simple as a path-entangled single-photon state or a two-mode squeezed vacuum state. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.042307
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