Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
Volume 86, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.053423
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Funding
- DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Chemical, Geosciences, and Biological Divisions
- Academy of Finland
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Sequential multiphoton L-shell ionization of hydrogen sulfide exposed to intense femtosecond pulses of 1.25-keV x rays has been observed via photoelectron, Auger electron, and ion time-of-flight spectroscopies. Monte Carlo simulations based on relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Slater calculations of Auger decay rates in sulfur with single and double L-shell vacancies accurately model the observed spectra. While single-vacancy-only calculations are surprisingly accurate even at the high x-ray intensity used in the experiment, calculations including double-vacancy states improve on yield estimates of highly charged sulfur ions. In the most intense part of the x-ray focal volume, an average molecule absorbs more than five photons, producing multiple L-shell vacancies in 17% of photoionization events according to simulation. For 280-fs pulse duration and similar to 10(17) W cm(-2) focal intensity, the yield of S13+ is similar to 1% of the S3+ yield, in good agreement with simulations. An overabundance of S12+, and S14+ observed in the experimental ion spectra is not predicted by either single-vacancy or double-vacancy calculations.
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