Collective spin systems in dispersive optical cavity QED: Quantum phase transitions and entanglement

We propose a cavity QED setup which implements a dissipative Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model-an interacting collective spin system. By varying the external model parameters the system can be made to undergo both first- and second-order quantum phase transitions, which are signified by dramatic changes in cavity output field properties, such as the probe laser transmission spectrum. The steady-state entanglement between pairs of atoms is shown to peak at the critical points and can be experimentally determined by suitable measurements on the cavity output field. The entanglement dynamics also exhibits pronounced variations in the vicinities of the phase transitions.