Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
Volume 78, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063618
Keywords
ab initio calculations; atom-photon collisions; boson systems; Brillouin zones; fermion systems; ground states; metastable states; optical lattices; phase transformations; photoexcitation; quantum optics; topology
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We present an ab initio study of the ground state of an ideal coupled two-component gas of ultracold atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice, either bosons or fermions. Due to the internal two-level structure of the atoms, the Brillouin zone is twice as large as imposed by the periodicity of the lattice potential. This is reflected in the Bloch dispersion curves, where the energy bands regularly possess several local minima. As a consequence, when the system parameters are tuned across a resonance condition, a nonzero temperature phase transition occurs, which arises from an interplay between internal and kinetic atomic energies. For fermions, this phase transition is of topological character since the structure of the Fermi surface is changed across the critical value. It is shown that these phenomena are also expected to occur for two- and three-dimensional optical lattices.
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