Improving the photocatalytic activity and anti-photocorrosion of semiconductor ZnO by coupling with versatile carbon

Coupling ZnO with carbon materials using a suitable integration method to form ZnO-carbon composites has been established as a promising strategy to ameliorate the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor ZnO. In this perspective article, we describe the recent advances and current status of enhancing the photocatalytic activity and anti-photocorrosion of semiconductor ZnO by coupling with versatile carbon materials, e.g., C-60, carbon nanotube, graphene and other carbon materials. The primary roles of carbon materials in boosting the photoactivity and photostability of ZnO have been outlined and illustrated with some selected typical examples. In particular, the three main kinds of mechanisms with regard to anti-photocorrosion of ZnO by coupling with carbon have been demonstrated. Finally, we give a concise perspective on this important research area and specifically propose further research opportunities in optimizing the photocatalytic performance of ZnO-carbon composites and widening the scope of their potential photocatalytic applications.