Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 14, Issue 39, Pages 13569-13579Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42029e
Keywords
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Funding
- ISIS beam-time award [1010164]
- Diamond Light source beam time award [SI6306]
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The plant defence proteins alpha 1- and alpha 2- purothionin (Pth) are type 1 thionins from common wheat (Triticum aestivum). These highly homologous proteins possess characteristics common amongst antimicrobial peptides and proteins, that is, cationic charge, amphiphilicity and hydrophobicity. Both alpha 1- and alpha 2- Pth possess the same net charge, but differ in relative hydrophobicity as determined by C18 reversed phase HPLC. Brewster angle microscopy, X-ray and neutron reflectometry, external reflection FTIR and associated surface pressure measurements demonstrated that alpha 1 and alpha 2- Pth interact strongly with condensed phase 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DPPG) monolayers at the air/ liquid interface. Both thionins disrupted the in-plane structure of the anionic phospholipid monolayers, removing lipid during this process and both penetrated the lipid monolayer in addition to adsorbing as a single protein layer to the lipid head-group. However, analysis of the interfacial structures revealed that the alpha 2-Pth showed faster disruption of the lipid film and removed more phospholipid (12%) from the interface than alpha 1- Pth. Correlating the protein properties and lipid binding activity suggests that hydrophobicity plays a key role in the membrane lipid removal activity of thionins.
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