Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 13, Issue 11, Pages 4862-4867Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01992e
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Funding
- World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Initiative on Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), MEXT, Japan
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Hydrosilylation provides a route to form substituted silanes in solution. A similar reaction has been observed in the formation of covalent organic monolayers on a hydrogen-terminated silicon surface and is called thermal hydrosilylation. In solution, the mechanism requires a catalyst to add the basal silicon and saturating hydrogen to the C=C double bond. On the silicon surface, however, the reaction proceeds efficiently at 200 degrees C, initiated by visible light, and more slowly at room temperature in the dark. Such low activation energy barriers for the reactions on a surface relative to that required for solution hydrosilylation are remarkable, and although many explanations have been suggested, controversy still exists. In this work using a constrained molecular dynamics approach within the density functional theory framework, we show that the free energy activation barrier for abstraction of a hydrogen from silicon by an alkene molecule can be overcome by visible light or thermal excitation. Furthermore, we show that by concerted transfer of a hydrogen from the alpha-carbon to the beta-carbon, a 1-alkene can insert its alpha-carbon into a surface Si-H bond to accomplish hydrosilylation.
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