A novel proton conductor of imidazole-aluminium phosphate hybrids in the solid state

Anhydrous proton transport at temperatures above 100 degrees C has attracted considerable attention in the development of fuel cells that operate at intermediate temperatures. Liquid-state imidazole (ImH) is known to be a fast anhydrous proton conductor above 100 degrees C; however, evaporation and severe conductivity drops above and below its melting point (similar to 90 degrees C), respectively, are major drawbacks to ImH. In this paper, we report a novel solid-state anhydrous ImH-Al(H(2)PO(4))(3) (AlP) hybrid material prepared via a simple synthesis using mechanical milling. This solid-state hybrid exhibits relatively a high ionic conductivity of similar to 0.1 mS cm(-1) at 100 degrees C and remarkably a small activation energy of 0.23 eV. In addition, the ImH-AlP hybrid material provides a means of overcoming both temperature-dependent drawbacks to pure ImH: (1) the ImH-AlP hybrid is thermally stable up to 130 degrees C, and (2) the hybrid material maintains high ionic conductivity below the melting point of ImH.