Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 12, Issue 41, Pages 13816-13827Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00683a
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Funding
- Australian Research Council
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering
- Australian Mineral Science Research Institute by AMIRA International
- Australian Synchrotron, Victoria Australia [BL14ID]
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The structure of the liquid-vacuum interface in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is investigated using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS). By varying the polar angle and comparing the results for the chosen ionic liquids, we identify the presence of a surface layer that is chemically different to the bulk. In particular, this layer: (i) is enriched by aliphatic carbon atoms from the saturated carbon chains of the anions and cations, and (ii) contains an unequal distribution of cations and anions in a direction normal to the surface. This unequal distribution creates a potential gradient which extends from the surface into the liquid. We show unequivocally that this layer is not due to the presence of impurities.
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