Journal
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 12, Pages 3241-3252Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.019
Keywords
Gas embolotherapy; Acoustic droplet vaporization; Endothelial cells; Bioeffects
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 EB006476]
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Gas embolotherapy is achieved by locally vaporizing microdroplets through acoustic droplet vaporization, which results in bubbles that are large enough to occlude blood flow directed to tumors. Endothelial cells, lining blood vessels, can be affected by these vaporization events, resulting in cell injury and cell death. An idealized monolayer of endothelial cells was subjected to acoustic droplet vaporization using a 3.5-MHz transducer and dodecafluoropentane droplets. Treatments included insonation pressures that varied from 2 to 8 MPa (rarefactional) and pulse lengths that varied from 4 to 16 input cycles. The bubble cloud generated was directly dependent on pressure, but not on pulse length. Cellular damage increased with increasing bubble cloud size, but was limited to the bubble cloud area. These results suggest that vaporization near the endothelium may impact the vessel wall, an effect that could be either deleterious or beneficial depending on the intended overall therapeutic application. (C) 2015 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
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