Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 369, Issue 1654, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0593
Keywords
microglia; cerebral cortex; neurons; synapse; neurogenesis; neuroblasts
Categories
Funding
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie
- SBE Off Of Multidisciplinary Activities [1344466] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG048769] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH099578, R01 MH104701] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS078167, R01 NS078304, R01 NS075345, R01 NS075177] Funding Source: Medline
- Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF13OC0004258, NNF13OC0004260] Funding Source: researchfish
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Microglia constitute as much as 10-15% of all cells in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and are the only glial cells that do not arise from the neuroectoderm. As the principal CNS immune cells, microglial cells represent the first line of defence in response to exogenous threats. Past studies have largely been dedicated to defining the complex immune functions of microglial cells. However, our understanding of the roles of microglia has expanded radically over the past years. It is now clear that microglia are critically involved in shaping neural circuits in both the developing and adult CNS, and in modulating synaptic transmission in the adult brain. Intriguingly, microglial cells appear to use the same sets of tools, including cytokine and chemokine release as well as phagocytosis, whether modulating neural function or mediating the brain's innate immune responses. This review will discuss recent developments that have broadened our views of neuro-glial signalling to include the contribution of microglial cells.
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